Uterine Cancers
Uterine cancers are malignant tumors that arise from the tissues of the uterus. The most common type is endometrial cancer, which develops from the lining of the uterus. Less common forms include uterine sarcomas, which originate in the muscle or connective tissues of the uterus. Uterine cancers may cause abnormal bleeding or pelvic symptoms, but some cases are found during imaging or evaluation for other concerns.
What is it?
Uterine cancers arise when abnormal cells grow uncontrollably within the uterus. Endometrial cancer develops from the inner lining and often presents with abnormal bleeding. Uterine sarcomas arise from the muscle layer (myometrium) or supporting tissues and tend to behave more aggressively. Risk factors include age, obesity, hormonal imbalances, and certain genetic conditions.
Imaging helps characterize the uterus, assess tumor extent, and determine whether cancer has spread to nearby tissues or lymph nodes. Ultrasound often identifies thickened or irregular endometrium, while MRI provides detailed evaluation of tumor depth and local invasion. CT scans may be used to assess for metastatic disease.
Important to Know
Early detection significantly improves outcomes, especially for endometrial cancer. Postmenopausal bleeding or persistent abnormal bleeding should always be evaluated. Treatment plans depend on cancer type and stage, and may involve multiple specialties. Follow-up imaging is often needed after treatment to monitor for recurrence.
Red flag symptoms include postmenopausal bleeding, bleeding between periods, unintended weight loss, persistent pelvic pain, or new urinary or bowel symptoms. These may indicate more advanced disease and require prompt medical evaluation.