Uterine Adenomyosis
Uterine adenomyosis is a condition in which endometrial tissue—the same tissue that lines the uterus—grows into the muscular wall of the uterus (the myometrium). This can cause the uterus to become enlarged, tender, and thickened. Some individuals have mild symptoms, while others experience heavy or painful periods, pelvic pressure, or chronic pelvic pain. Adenomyosis can occur alongside other conditions such as fibroids or endometriosis.
What is it?
Adenomyosis occurs when endometrial glands and tissue grow into the uterine muscle layer. This can cause thickening of the uterus, increased blood flow, and inflammation that worsens during menstruation. The uterus may appear enlarged and tender, and symptoms often overlap with those of fibroids or endometriosis.
Ultrasound is usually the first imaging test and may show features such as a bulky uterus, thickened myometrium, or tiny cysts within the muscle wall. MRI provides a clearer and more definitive evaluation, helping confirm the diagnosis and distinguish adenomyosis from similar conditions.
Important to Know
Adenomyosis is benign but can significantly affect quality of life. Symptoms may improve with hormonal therapy or procedures that reduce menstrual bleeding. In severe cases, surgery may be considered, especially if fertility is not a concern. Many people experience symptom relief after menopause.
Red flag symptoms include sudden severe pelvic pain, heavy bleeding that causes dizziness or fatigue, or symptoms that rapidly worsen. These require prompt medical evaluation to rule out other gynecologic conditions.