Ureterocele
A ureterocele is a cyst-like ballooning of the lower end of the ureter, the tube that carries urine from the kidney to the bladder. This occurs when the ureter’s opening into the bladder is abnormally narrow, causing the end of the ureter to swell. Ureteroceles can occur in children or adults and may be discovered incidentally or when evaluating urinary symptoms. Some ureteroceles cause no problems, while others may obstruct urine flow or increase the risk of infection.
What is it?
A ureterocele forms when the end of the ureter inside the bladder becomes narrowed or obstructed, leading to swelling and ballooning of the ureter’s tip. Ureteroceles can be “intravesical” (confined to the bladder) or “ectopic,” extending toward the urethra. They may occur in a single ureter or in the upper portion of a duplicated collecting system.
Imaging helps determine the size of the ureterocele, whether it is causing obstruction, and whether it is associated with other urinary tract abnormalities. Ultrasound often detects the swelling, while CT or MRI provides more detail about anatomy and kidney function. VCUG is helpful in detecting associated reflux.
Important to Know
Some ureteroceles cause no symptoms and require only monitoring. Others may block urine flow, leading to infections, kidney swelling, or decreased kidney function. Early recognition helps prevent long-term complications, especially in children.
Red flag symptoms include fever, repeated urinary infections, flank pain, difficulty urinating, or blood in the urine. These may indicate obstruction or infection requiring prompt medical evaluation. Follow-up imaging may be recommended to monitor drainage and kidney health.