Polycystic Liver Disease
Polycystic liver disease (PLD) is a condition in which multiple fluid-filled cysts form throughout the liver. These cysts may range in size from tiny to very large and can increase in number or size over time. PLD is often associated with polycystic kidney disease but can also occur on its own. Many individuals have no symptoms, while others may experience abdominal fullness, discomfort, or complications if cysts grow significantly.
What is it?
Polycystic liver disease occurs when many cysts form throughout the liver due to genetic or developmental factors. These cysts are usually benign and filled with clear fluid. PLD often coexists with polycystic kidney disease, but isolated forms of the disease also exist. Although the liver may become significantly enlarged in some individuals, overall liver function often remains normal.
Imaging helps identify the number, size, and distribution of cysts and assess for complications such as infection, bleeding, or pressure on surrounding organs. CT and MRI are particularly useful for characterizing cysts and monitoring changes over time, especially in individuals with extensive cyst burden.
Important to Know
Most people with PLD do not require treatment, and the condition may remain stable for many years. Symptoms mainly occur when the liver becomes enlarged due to large or numerous cysts. Rare complications include cyst infection, bleeding, or compression of nearby structures, which may require medical or surgical intervention.
Red flag symptoms include fever, severe abdominal pain, sudden worsening of fullness, jaundice, or rapid abdominal enlargement. These may indicate complications that need prompt evaluation. Follow-up imaging helps monitor cyst growth and guide management decisions.