Pelvic Floor Dysfunction
Pelvic floor dysfunction refers to difficulty coordinating or relaxing the muscles of the pelvic floor, which support the bladder, uterus, rectum, and surrounding structures. When these muscles are too tight, weak, or uncoordinated, they can cause symptoms such as pelvic pain, urinary or bowel problems, or discomfort during intercourse. Pelvic floor dysfunction can affect people of any age and gender.
What is it?
Pelvic floor dysfunction occurs when the muscles that support pelvic organs do not work properly. These muscles may be overly tight (hypertonic), too weak (hypotonic), or uncoordinated, leading to problems with bladder, bowel, or sexual function. Causes vary and may include childbirth, surgery, trauma, chronic straining, nerve injury, or muscular imbalance.
Imaging such as pelvic MRI or dynamic ultrasound may help evaluate pelvic floor motion, organ support, and muscle structure. However, diagnosis is often based on symptoms and a physical exam performed by a trained clinician or pelvic floor specialist.
Important to Know
Pelvic floor dysfunction is treatable, and most people improve significantly with pelvic floor physical therapy and lifestyle changes. Early intervention can prevent symptoms from worsening. Many cases are related to muscle tension rather than weakness, so treatment often focuses on relaxation and coordinated movement.
Red flag symptoms include sudden severe pelvic pain, inability to urinate, bowel obstruction symptoms, fever, or new neurological deficits. These are not typical of pelvic floor dysfunction and require prompt medical evaluation to rule out other conditions.