Pancreatic Pseudocyst
A pancreatic pseudocyst is a fluid-filled collection that forms near or within the pancreas, usually after an episode of pancreatitis. Unlike true cysts, pseudocysts are not lined by a normal epithelial wall—they develop from inflammation and leakage of pancreatic enzymes. Many pseudocysts resolve on their own, but larger or symptomatic ones may require monitoring or treatment.
What is it?
A pancreatic pseudocyst forms when pancreatic enzymes and inflammatory fluid collect and become walled off by fibrous tissue, usually after pancreatitis or pancreatic injury. These collections may contain enzymes, debris, or blood. Pseudocysts typically appear several weeks after the initial inflammation and may grow or shrink over time.
Imaging—especially CT or MRI—helps identify the size, location, and internal characteristics of a pseudocyst. Radiologists assess whether the pseudocyst is compressing nearby organs, connected to the pancreatic duct, or showing signs of infection or bleeding. EUS may be used when drainage or further evaluation is needed.
Important to Know
Many pancreatic pseudocysts resolve without intervention. Treatment is based on symptoms, size, and complications. Large pseudocysts can cause pain, stomach blockage, or infection, while smaller ones may go unnoticed. Drainage can be performed endoscopically, surgically, or through the skin depending on the situation.
Red flags include fever, worsening abdominal pain, vomiting, jaundice, or signs of internal bleeding. These may indicate infection, rupture, or pressure on surrounding structures and require urgent assessment. Follow-up imaging is often recommended to track changes over time.