Pancreatic Exocrine Tumor
A pancreatic exocrine tumor is a growth that arises from the cells responsible for producing digestive enzymes in the pancreas. The most common type is pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, but other exocrine tumors include acinar cell carcinoma and rare cystic or mixed tumors. These tumors are typically malignant and can cause symptoms by blocking ducts, invading nearby structures, or affecting digestion. Early stages often cause few symptoms, which is why imaging plays a key role in diagnosis.
What is it?
A pancreatic exocrine tumor forms when the cells in the pancreas that produce digestive enzymes grow abnormally and lose their normal regulation. Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma is the most common form and usually arises in the head of the pancreas, where it can block the bile duct and cause jaundice. Other exocrine tumors may behave differently but can still impair digestion or spread to nearby organs.
Imaging is crucial for determining tumor size, location, and whether blood vessels or nearby organs are involved. CT and MRI help evaluate the pancreatic ducts, nearby lymph nodes, and distant organs to see if the tumor has spread. EUS is often used for close-up evaluation and biopsy.
Important to Know
Pancreatic exocrine tumors can be aggressive and may not cause symptoms until they are advanced. Early signs—such as unexplained weight loss, new-onset diabetes, or jaundice—should prompt evaluation, especially in individuals with risk factors. Identifying whether the tumor is surgically removable is one of the most important goals of imaging.
Red flag symptoms include worsening abdominal or back pain, persistent vomiting, dark urine, pale stools, or sudden jaundice. These may indicate bile duct blockage or progression of disease and require urgent medical attention. Follow-up imaging is often needed to monitor treatment response or detect recurrence.