Pancreatic Cyst
A pancreatic cyst is a fluid-filled pocket within the pancreas. Many pancreatic cysts are benign and found incidentally during imaging done for unrelated reasons, but some types have the potential to become cancerous over time. Because cysts vary widely in appearance and risk, imaging plays an essential role in identifying the cyst type and determining whether follow-up or treatment is needed.
What is it?
A pancreatic cyst is a fluid-filled sac that forms inside or on the pancreas. Some cysts are simple and benign, such as pseudocysts that develop after pancreatitis. Others, such as intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (IPMNs) or mucinous cystic neoplasms (MCNs), carry a small but meaningful risk of becoming cancerous over time. Imaging features such as size, wall thickness, septations, and connection to the pancreatic ducts help determine the cyst type.
MRI with MRCP is often the preferred test because it provides detailed views of the pancreatic ducts and the internal structure of the cyst. EUS may be used to obtain fluid samples or evaluate worrisome features. Identifying the correct cyst type is essential for guiding follow-up and treatment.
Important to Know
Most pancreatic cysts remain stable and do not cause symptoms. However, certain cysts—especially those that produce mucin—have a higher risk of developing into cancer over time. Factors such as cyst size, presence of nodules, duct dilation, and rapid growth influence the need for closer monitoring or specialist evaluation.
Red flag symptoms include jaundice, persistent abdominal pain, recurrent pancreatitis, unintentional weight loss, or new-onset diabetes—these may suggest a higher-risk cyst or an associated complication. Follow-up intervals depend on the cyst’s features and established medical guidelines. Early evaluation and monitoring help ensure that concerning changes are caught promptly.