Ovarian Lesions
Ovarian lesions refer to any abnormal findings within or on the surface of the ovaries, including cysts, masses, tumors, or structural irregularities. These lesions can be benign, functional, inflammatory, or malignant depending on their characteristics. Many ovarian lesions are discovered incidentally on imaging and cause no symptoms, while others may lead to pelvic pain, bloating, or menstrual changes.
What is it?
Ovarian lesions include a broad range of findings, from simple cysts that are part of the normal menstrual cycle to more complex lesions such as endometriomas, dermoids, or ovarian tumors. Functional cysts are the most common and often resolve on their own. More complex lesions may contain solid areas, septations, calcifications, or internal debris that require closer evaluation.
Ultrasound is the most useful tool for evaluating ovarian lesions because it can distinguish between simple, hemorrhagic, endometriotic, and solid components. MRI is often recommended when ultrasound findings remain unclear or when more detailed tissue characterization is needed.
Important to Know
Most ovarian lesions are benign, especially in younger individuals. However, certain imaging features—such as solid nodules, irregular walls, or blood flow on Doppler—may raise concern for malignancy and require prompt follow-up. Age, symptoms, and medical history also guide risk assessment.
Red flag symptoms include sudden severe pelvic pain (possible torsion or rupture), persistent bloating, early satiety, fever, or unexplained weight loss. These may indicate complications or a potentially serious lesion. Follow-up imaging is often recommended to ensure stability or resolution.