Ovarian Cyst
An ovarian cyst is a fluid-filled sac that develops on or within an ovary. Many ovarian cysts are functional, forming naturally during the menstrual cycle and resolving on their own. Others—including dermoid cysts, endometriomas, or cystadenomas—are non-functional and may grow larger or cause symptoms. Most ovarian cysts are benign, though certain features may require closer evaluation.
What is it?
An ovarian cyst is a sac filled with fluid or semi-solid material that arises from the ovary. Functional cysts—such as follicular cysts and corpus luteum cysts—form as part of the normal menstrual cycle and typically resolve without treatment. Non-functional cysts, such as dermoids, endometriomas, or cystadenomas, may persist or grow larger.
Ultrasound is the main imaging tool used to identify and characterize ovarian cysts, determining whether they contain simple fluid, blood, fat, or solid components. MRI may be used when ultrasound findings are unclear or when more detail is needed.
Important to Know
Most ovarian cysts are harmless and resolve on their own. However, cysts with thick walls, solid areas, or nodules may require follow-up or specialist evaluation. Sudden, severe pelvic pain may indicate cyst rupture or ovarian torsion (twisting of the ovary), both of which require urgent attention.
Red flag symptoms include sudden severe pain, fever, vomiting, fainting, persistent bloating, or unexplained weight loss. These may indicate rupture, torsion, or a more concerning lesion needing prompt evaluation. Follow-up imaging is often recommended to ensure cyst stability or resolution.