Mesenteric Panniculitis
Mesenteric panniculitis is an inflammatory condition that affects the fatty tissue of the mesentery—the fold of tissue that attaches the intestines to the abdominal wall. The inflammation can cause the mesenteric fat to appear thickened or hazy on imaging and may form soft-tissue nodules or a mass-like appearance. Many people have no symptoms, and the condition is often found incidentally.
What is it?
Mesenteric panniculitis involves inflammation of the mesenteric fat, which can lead to swelling, fat stranding, small lymph nodes, or soft-tissue thickening seen on imaging. The exact cause is unknown, but it may relate to prior abdominal surgery, infection, trauma, autoimmune disease, or other inflammatory processes. In most people, the condition remains stable and does not lead to complications.
Radiologists often identify mesenteric panniculitis by its hallmark imaging features, such as increased density of mesenteric fat, small encapsulated lymph nodes, or a surrounding “fat ring” sign. These characteristics help differentiate it from infections, cancers, or other causes of mesenteric masses.
Important to Know
Mesenteric panniculitis is usually benign and slow-moving. Many cases require no treatment and simply remain stable over time. When symptoms occur, they may include abdominal discomfort, bloating, or changes in bowel habits. Rarely, the inflammation can progress or be associated with other conditions.
Red flags include persistent or severe abdominal pain, fever, unexplained weight loss, or symptoms that worsen over time. Follow-up imaging is sometimes recommended to ensure stability, especially when the initial appearance raises concern for other conditions. Treatment focuses on symptom relief and addressing any related underlying disorders.