Liver Abscess
A liver abscess is a pocket of infected fluid or pus that forms inside the liver. It can be caused by bacterial, parasitic, or, less commonly, fungal infections. Liver abscesses may develop after infections elsewhere in the body spread to the liver, after biliary obstruction, or due to conditions that weaken the immune system. Symptoms can range from mild to severe and often include fever, abdominal pain, and fatigue.
What is it?
A liver abscess occurs when bacteria, parasites such as Entamoeba histolytica, or other infectious agents create a localized collection of pus within the liver. Infection can spread from the biliary system, the intestines, the bloodstream, or from abdominal infections such as appendicitis or diverticulitis. The abscess causes inflammation and destruction of surrounding liver tissue if not treated promptly.
Imaging helps identify the size, number, and location of abscesses and distinguishes them from other liver lesions such as tumors or cysts. CT scans are particularly sensitive for detecting abscesses and guiding drainage procedures. Lab tests typically show signs of infection, including elevated white blood cell count and abnormal liver tests.
Important to Know
Liver abscesses require timely treatment to prevent complications such as widespread infection (sepsis), rupture, or spread to other organs. Most abscesses improve with a combination of antibiotics and drainage. Some can be treated with medication alone, depending on the cause and size.
Red flag symptoms include high fever, severe right upper abdominal pain, confusion, low blood pressure, or worsening jaundice—these may signal serious infection requiring urgent medical care. Follow-up imaging is often needed to ensure the abscess is shrinking and to confirm the infection is resolving.