Enlarged Prostate
An enlarged prostate—also known as benign prostatic enlargement or benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)—is a common condition in which the prostate gland grows larger with age. As the prostate expands, it can press against the urethra or bladder, causing urinary symptoms such as weak stream, difficulty starting urination, or frequent nighttime urination. Although it is benign, the enlargement can significantly affect comfort and quality of life.
What is it?
An enlarged prostate occurs when the prostate gland grows larger due to age-related hormonal changes. This growth can squeeze the urethra—the tube that carries urine from the bladder—and cause the bladder to work harder to push urine through. Over time, the bladder may become thickened or less efficient, leading to urinary symptoms.
Imaging may show an enlarged prostate, bladder wall thickening, or trapped urine after voiding. CT and MRI can also reveal other findings, such as bladder stones or obstruction, that may contribute to symptoms. Although imaging is not always needed for diagnosis, it can be helpful when symptoms are complex or when other pelvic conditions are suspected.
Important to Know
An enlarged prostate is not cancer and does not increase prostate cancer risk, though both conditions may occur together. Treatment depends on how bothersome the symptoms are. Mild symptoms can often be managed with lifestyle changes, while medications or procedures may help improve urine flow in more severe cases.
Red flag symptoms include an inability to urinate, significant blood in the urine, fever with pelvic pain (possible infection), or symptoms of kidney problems such as swelling or fatigue. These require prompt medical evaluation. Follow-up testing or imaging may be recommended to monitor prostate size or bladder function.