Endometrial Polyp
An endometrial polyp is a growth that arises from the lining of the uterus (the endometrium). Polyps are usually benign and can range from very small to several centimeters in size. They may cause abnormal bleeding, infertility, or no symptoms at all. Many are found during imaging or evaluations for pelvic symptoms.
What is it?
An endometrial polyp is a localized overgrowth of endometrial tissue that extends into the uterine cavity. Polyps may be single or multiple and can have a narrow stalk (pedunculated) or a broad base (sessile). Hormonal factors often play a role in their development. While most are benign, a small percentage may contain precancerous or cancerous cells—especially in postmenopausal individuals or those with abnormal bleeding.
Ultrasound, particularly saline sonohysterography, helps visualize the polyp by outlining it with fluid. MRI can provide additional detail in complex cases. Hysteroscopy, which allows direct visualization of the uterine cavity, is the gold standard for confirming and removing polyps.
Important to Know
Most polyps do not require urgent treatment. However, removal may be recommended if the polyp causes abnormal bleeding, affects fertility, or shows concerning features. Following removal, recurrence is possible but usually low.
Red flag symptoms include heavy or prolonged bleeding, bleeding after menopause, significant pelvic pain, or any sudden changes in bleeding patterns. These should prompt prompt evaluation to rule out more serious conditions.