Choledocholithiasis
Choledocholithiasis refers to gallstones located within the bile ducts, most commonly the common bile duct. These stones can partially or completely block the flow of bile, leading to pain, jaundice, dark urine, pale stools, or infection. Some individuals have no symptoms, while others may develop sudden and severe abdominal pain or complications if the duct becomes fully obstructed.
What is it?
Choledocholithiasis occurs when gallstones migrate from the gallbladder or form directly within the bile ducts. These stones can obstruct the normal flow of bile into the small intestine. When bile backs up, it can cause jaundice, inflammation, or infection of the bile ducts (cholangitis). Obstruction near the pancreas can also trigger pancreatitis.
Imaging helps identify the presence, size, and location of stones, as well as any dilation of the bile ducts caused by blockage. MRCP is particularly useful because it provides a detailed, noninvasive view of the biliary system. ERCP can diagnose and treat the condition by removing stones or placing stents to restore bile flow.
Important to Know
Choledocholithiasis can become serious if not treated promptly, especially when infection develops. Symptoms such as fever, chills, jaundice, or severe abdominal pain should prompt urgent medical evaluation. Once stones are removed, many people recover quickly, though some may need surgery to remove the gallbladder if recurrent stones are a concern.
Red flags include persistent jaundice, high fever, confusion, or severe abdominal pain, as these may indicate cholangitis or pancreatitis. Follow-up imaging or procedures may be needed to confirm that the ducts are clear and functioning normally.