Choledochal Cyst
A choledochal cyst is an abnormal dilation (widening) of part of the bile ducts, which carry bile from the liver and gallbladder into the small intestine. These cysts can occur inside or outside the liver and may lead to pain, jaundice, or recurrent infections. Although they can be found at any age, they are often congenital (present from birth) and discovered during imaging performed for abdominal symptoms or abnormal liver tests.
What is it?
A choledochal cyst is a dilation of the bile ducts that can disrupt normal bile flow and increase the risk of infection or inflammation. There are several types, classified by the Todani system, ranging from isolated enlargement of the common bile duct to more complex cysts involving multiple bile duct segments. These cysts often cause bile to pool, which can irritate surrounding tissues and lead to symptoms like abdominal pain, jaundice, or recurrent infections (cholangitis).
Imaging plays a crucial role in diagnosing choledochal cysts. MRI/MRCP provides detailed views of the bile ducts and helps determine the cyst type, size, and connection to nearby structures. Identifying the exact type is important for guiding treatment and evaluating potential complications.
Important to Know
Choledochal cysts carry long-term risks if untreated, including repeated infections, inflammation of the pancreas (pancreatitis), bile duct stones, and an increased risk of bile duct cancer over time. For these reasons, surgical removal of the cyst is often recommended, even if symptoms are mild. Early treatment can help prevent complications and improve outcomes.
Red flags include fever with chills, worsening jaundice, severe abdominal pain, or signs of infection, which may indicate cholangitis or other urgent complications. Follow-up imaging may be needed after treatment to ensure the bile ducts remain open and to monitor for long-term issues.