Adnexal Lesions
Adnexal lesions refer to any abnormal finding in the structures next to the uterus—primarily the ovaries and fallopian tubes. These lesions can include cysts, masses, inflammatory changes, or tumors. Many adnexal lesions are benign and discovered incidentally, while others may require follow-up or treatment depending on their appearance, size, and associated symptoms. Imaging helps distinguish benign from potentially concerning lesions.
What is it?
Adnexal lesions include a broad range of abnormalities involving the ovaries, fallopian tubes, and surrounding tissues. Common examples include simple ovarian cysts, hemorrhagic cysts, endometriomas, dermoid cysts, and benign or malignant ovarian tumors. Some lesions are functional, meaning they relate to normal monthly changes, while others represent separate conditions that may require treatment.
Imaging—especially ultrasound—helps identify the structure, size, and internal characteristics of adnexal lesions. MRI may be used when ultrasound findings are unclear or when a more detailed evaluation is needed. CT scans often detect adnexal lesions incidentally during abdominal or pelvic imaging performed for other reasons.
Important to Know
Most adnexal lesions are benign and require no immediate treatment. However, certain features—such as solid components, papillary projections, thick septations, or rapid growth—may raise concern and require closer monitoring or evaluation by a specialist. Some lesions, like endometriomas or dermoid cysts, have characteristic appearances that help guide management.
Red flag symptoms include severe pelvic pain, fever, sudden abdominal pain (which may indicate rupture or torsion), unexplained weight loss, or persistent bloating. Follow-up imaging is often recommended to ensure stability or resolution, depending on the type of lesion.